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Increment/decrement operators

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C++
 
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representações alternativas
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Assembly embutido
 
Aumentar / diminuir incrementos operadores ou diminui o valor do objeto.
Original:
Increment/decrement operators increments or decrements the value of the object.
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Operator name Syntax Over​load​able Prototype examples (for class T)
Inside class definition Outside class definition
pre-increment ++a Yes T& T::operator++(); T& operator++(T& a);
pre-decrement --a Yes T& T::operator--(); T& operator--(T& a);
post-increment a++ Yes T T::operator++(int); T operator++(T& a, int);
post-decrement a-- Yes T T::operator--(int); T operator--(T& a, int);
'Notas'
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Notes
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  • Formas de prefixo do referências internas operadores de retorno e valores postfix formas de retorno e típicos sobrecargas definidas pelo usuário seguem o padrão para que os operadores definidos pelo usuário pode ser usado da mesma forma como o built-ins. No entanto, numa definida pelo utilizador sobrecarga de operador, de qualquer tipo pode ser utilizado como tipo de retorno (incluindo void).
    Original:
    Prefix forms of the built-in operators return references and postfix forms return values, and typical user-defined overloads follow the pattern so that the user-defined operators can be used in the same manner as the built-ins. However, in a user-defined operator overload, any type can be used as return type (including void).
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  • O parâmetro é um parâmetro int simulado utilizado para diferenciar entre os pré-e pós-in versões dos operadores. Quando o operador definido pelo usuário postfix é chamado, o valor passado em que o parâmetro é sempre zero, embora possa ser alterada por chamar o operador usando a notação chamada de função, por exemplo, a.operator++(2).
    Original:
    The int parameter is a dummy parameter used to differentiate between pre- and post- in versions of the operators. When the user-defined postfix operator is called, the value passed in that parameter is always zero, although it may be changed by calling the operator using function call notation, e.g. a.operator++(2).
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Índice

[editar] Explicação

Pré-incremento e pré-decremento incrementos operadores ou diminui o valor do objeto e retorna uma referência para o resultado.
Original:
pre-increment and pre-decrement operators increments or decrements the value of the object and returns a reference to the result.
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Pós-incremento e' pós-decrementar cria uma cópia do objeto, aumenta ou diminui o valor do objeto e retorna a cópia de antes do incremento ou decremento.
Original:
post-increment and post-decrement creates a copy of the object, increments or decrements the value of the object and returns the copy from before the increment or decrement.
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[editar] Built-in operadores de prefixo

Para cada tipo de aritmética opcionalmente volátil qualificado A diferente bool, e para cada P ponteiro opcionalmente volátil qualificado para o tipo de objeto opcionalmente cv-qualificado, as assinaturas de função seguintes participar na resolução de sobrecarga:
Original:
For every optionally volatile-qualified arithmetic type A other than bool, and for every optionally volatile-qualified pointer P to optionally cv-qualified object type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:
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A& operator++(A&)
bool& operator++(bool&)
 (obsoleta)
P& operator++(P&)
A& operator--(A&)
P& operator--(P&)
O operando de um incremento de prefixo embutido ou operador de decremento deve ser um lvalue modificável (não-const referência) de não-tipo boolean aritmética ou ponteiro para completar tipo de objeto. Para estes operandos, o ++x expressão é exatamente equivalente a x+=1, eo --x expressão é exatamente equivalente a x-=1, isto é, o resultado é o operando atualizado, retornou como lvalue, e todas as regras de conversão aritmética e regras aritméticas ponteiro definido para aplicar operadores aritméticos.
Original:
The operand of a built-in prefix increment or decrement operator must be a modifiable lvalue (non-const reference) of non-boolean arithmetic type or pointer to complete object type. For these operands, the expression ++x is exactly equivalent to x+=1, and the expression --x is exactly equivalent to x-=1, that is, the result is the updated operand, returned as lvalue, and all arithmetic conversion rules and pointer arithmetic rules defined for operadores aritméticos apply.
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Se o operando do operador de pré-incremento é de bool tipo, ela é definida como true (obsoleta).
Original:
If the operand of the preincrement operator is of type bool, it is set to true (obsoleta).
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[editar] Built-in operadores postfix

Para cada tipo de aritmética opcionalmente volátil qualificado A diferente bool, e para cada P ponteiro opcionalmente volátil qualificado para o tipo de objeto opcionalmente cv-qualificado, as assinaturas de função seguintes participar na resolução de sobrecarga:
Original:
For every optionally volatile-qualified arithmetic type A other than bool, and for every optionally volatile-qualified pointer P to optionally cv-qualified object type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:
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A operator++(A&, int)
bool operator++(bool&, int)
 (obsoleta)
P operator++(P&, int)
A operator--(A&, int)
P operator--(P&, int)
O operando de um incremento postfix integrado ou operador de decremento deve ser um lvalue modificável (não-const referência) de não-tipo boolean aritmética ou ponteiro para completar tipo de objeto. O resultado é uma prvalue, que é uma cópia do valor original do operando. Como efeito colateral, este operador modifica o valor de sua arg argumento como se avaliando arg += 1 ou arg -= 1, para incremento e decremento, respectivamente. Todas as regras de conversão aritmética e regras aritméticas ponteiro definido para operadores aritméticos aplicar.
Original:
The operand of a built-in postfix increment or decrement operator must be a modifiable lvalue (non-const reference) of non-boolean arithmetic type or pointer to complete object type. The result is a prvalue, which is a copy the original value of the operand. As a side-effect, this operator modifies the value of its argument arg as if by evaluating arg += 1 or arg -= 1, for increment and decrement respectively. All arithmetic conversion rules and pointer arithmetic rules defined for operadores aritméticos apply.
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Se o operando do operador postincrement é de bool tipo, ela é definida como true (obsoleta).
Original:
If the operand of the postincrement operator is of type bool, it is set to true (obsoleta).
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[editar] Exemplo

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    int n = 1;
    int n2 = ++n;
    int n3 = ++ ++n;
    int n4 = n++;
//    int n5 = n++ ++; // compile error
//    int n5 = n + ++n; // undefined behavior
    std::cout << "n = " << n << '\n'
              << "n2 = " << n2 << '\n'
              << "n3 = " << n3 << '\n'
              << "n4 = " << n4 << '\n';
}

Output: 

n = 5
n2 = 2
n3 = 4
n4 = 4

[editar] Notas

Por causa dos efeitos colaterais envolvidos, operadores nativos de incremento e decremento deve ser utilizado com cuidado para evitar um comportamento indefinido devido a violações de sequenciamento regras.
Original:
Because of the side-effects involved, built-in increment and decrement operators must be used with care to avoid undefined behavior due to violations of sequenciamento regras.
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Porque uma cópia temporária do objeto é construído durante a operação, incremento pré- ou' pré-decrementar operadores são normalmente mais eficientes em contextos em que o valor retornado não é utilizado.
Original:
Because a temporary copy of the object is constructed during the operation, pre-increment or pre-decrement operators are usually more efficient in contexts where the returned value is not used.
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[editar] Biblioteca padrão

Operadores de incremento e decremento são sobrecarregados para muitos tipos da biblioteca padrão. Em particular, cada operador Iterator sobrecargas + + e cada operador BidirectionalIterator sobrecargas -, mesmo que estes operadores são não-ops para o iterador particular.
Original:
Increment and decrement operators are overloaded for many standard library types. In particular, every Iterator overloads operator++ and every BidirectionalIterator overloads operator--, even if those operators are no-ops for the particular iterator.
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sobrecargas para tipos aritméticos
Original:
overloads for arithmetic types
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aumenta ou diminui o valor atômico por um
Original:
increments or decrements the atomic value by one
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(of std::atomic função pública membro) [edit]
aumenta ou diminui a contagem em escala
Original:
increments or decrements the tick count
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(of std::chrono::duration função pública membro)
sobrecargas para tipos iterador
Original:
overloads for iterator types
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avança o iterador
Original:
advances the iterator
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(of std::raw_storage_iterator função pública membro)
avança o iterador
Original:
advances the iterator
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(of std::reverse_iterator função pública membro)
Diminui o iterador
Original:
decrements the iterator
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(of std::reverse_iterator função pública membro)
no-op
(of std::back_insert_iterator função pública membro)
no-op
(of std::front_insert_iterator função pública membro)
no-op
(of std::insert_iterator função pública membro)
avança o iterador
Original:
advances the iterator
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(of std::move_iterator função pública membro)
Diminui o iterador
Original:
decrements the iterator
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(of std::move_iterator função pública membro)
avança a istream_iterator
Original:
advances the istream_iterator
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(of std::istream_iterator função pública membro)
no-op
(of std::ostream_iterator função pública membro)
avança a istreambuf_iterator
Original:
advances the istreambuf_iterator
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(of std::istreambuf_iterator função pública membro)
no-op
(of std::ostreambuf_iterator função pública membro)
avança a regex_iterator
Original:
advances the regex_iterator
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(of std::regex_iterator função pública membro)
avança a regex_token_iterator
Original:
advances the regex_token_iterator
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(of std::regex_token_iterator função pública membro)

[editar] Veja também

Precedência do operador

Common operators
atribuição incrementNJdecrement aritmética lógico comparação memberNJaccess outro

a = b
a = rvalue
a += b
a -= b
a *= b
a /= b
a %= b
a &= b
a |= b
a ^= b
a <<= b
a >>= b

++a
--a
a++
a--

+a
-a
a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a % b
~a
a & b
a | b
a ^ b
a << b
a >> b

!a
a && b
a || b

a == b
a != b
a < b
a > b
a <= b
a >= b

a[b]
*a
&a
a->b
a.b
a->*b
a.*b

a(...)
a, b
(type) a
? :

Special operators
static_cast converte um tipo para outro
tipo compatível
Original:
static_cast converts one type to another compatible type
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dynamic_cast converte classe base virtual para class
derivados
Original:
dynamic_cast converts virtual base class to derived class
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const_cast converte tipo para tipo compatível com diferentes cv qualifiers
Original:
const_cast converts type to compatible type with different cv qualifiers
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reinterpret_cast converte tipo de type
incompatíveis
Original:
reinterpret_cast converts type to incompatible type
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new aloca memory
Original:
new allocates memory
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delete desaloca memory
Original:
delete deallocates memory
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sizeof consulta o tamanho de um type
Original:
sizeof queries the size of a type
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sizeof... consulta o tamanho de um bloco de parâmetros (a partir do C++ 11)
Original:
sizeof... queries the size of a bloco de parâmetros (a partir do C++ 11)
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typeid consulta o tipo de informação de uma type
Original:
typeid queries the type information of a type
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noexcept verifica se uma expressão pode lançar uma (a partir do C++ 11)
exceção
Original:
noexcept checks if an expression can throw an exception (a partir do C++ 11)
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alignof consultas exigências de alinhamento de um (a partir do C++ 11) tipo
Original:
alignof queries alignment requirements of a type (a partir do C++ 11)
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